Religious Moderation from Below: Defining Religious Moderation from the Perspectives of Catholic Religious Teachers

Alexander Hendra Dwi Asmara(1),


(1) Universitas Sanata Dharma
Corresponding Author

Abstract


Religious moderation has been envisioned by the Indonesian government since 2019. However, religious moderation has not been implemented successfully, especially in the field of Catholic Religious Education. The purpose of this research is to find out how Catholic religious teachers perceive religious moderation in their teachings. This research paper employs a qualitative design. Data is collected using deep interviews with five Catholic religious teachers from Yogyakarta, Solo, Semarang, and Jakarta. The findings show that most of the informants are aware of the religious moderation proposed by the government. Nevertheless, the informants shared that they were less motivated to implement religious moderation in their Catholic religious education subject because of several reasons, such as, the lack of support from school policy makers, the absence of government trainings or modules related to religious moderation, and the density of the curriculum in schools makes it difficult for teachers to add other material, including religious moderation

Keywords


Religious moderation; Catholic religious teachers; Catholic religious education

References


Adawiyah, R. Al, Tobing, C. I., & Handayani, O. “Pemahaman Moderasi Beragama dan Prilaku Intoleran terhadap Remaja di Kota-Kota Besar di Jawa Barat.” Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, 6, no. 2 (2021): 161–183. https://doi.org/10.31599/jkn.v6i2.470.

Ali, N. “Measuring Religious Moderation Among Muslim Students at Public Colleges in Kalimantan Facing Disruption Era.” INFERENSI: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 14, no. 1 (2020): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v14i1.1-24.

AR, Samsul. “Peran Guru Agama Dalam Menanamkan Moderasi Beragama.” Al-Irfan: Journal of Arabic Literature and Islamic Studies, 3, no.1 (2020): 37–51. https://doi.org/10.36835/al-irfan.v3i1.3715.

Badan Litbang dan Diklat Kementrian Agama RI, Moderasi Beragama. Jakarta: Kemenag, 2020.

Baidhawy, Zakiyudin. “Building Harmony and Peace through Multiculturalist Theology-based Religious Education: An Alternative for Contemporary Indonesia.” British Journal of Religious Education 29, no. 1 (2007): 15-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200601037478.

Baihaqi, Musawir. “Implementation of Multicultural Education in Indonesia.” Edutec: Journal of Education and Technology, 4, no. 3 (2021): 504-526. https://ejournal.ijshs.org/index.php/edu/article/view/197.

Bagir, Zainal Abidin & Sormin, Jimmy MI. eds. Politik Moderasi dan Kebebasan Beragama: Suatu Tinjauan Kritis. Jakarta: Gramedia, 2022.

Binawan, Andang L. “Indonesian Catholic Bishops’ Attitudes toward Three Controverting Issues during Indonesia’s New Order (1966–1998).” Religions, 14, iss. 1 (2023): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14010094.

Faozan, A. “Moderasi Beragama dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam untuk Masyarakat Multikultur” Hikmah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 16, no. 2 (2020): 219-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.47466/hikmah.v16i2.170.

Fealy, Greg. “Jokowi in the Covid-19 Era: Repressive Pluralism, Dynasticism and the Overbearing State.” Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 56, no. 3 (2020): 301-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2020.1846482.

Francis. “Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium of the Holy Father Francis to the Bishops, Clergy, Consecrated Persons and the Lay Faithful on the Proclamation of the Gospel in Today’s World.” VaticanWebsite, 2013, http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20131124_evangelii-gaudium.html.

Frederick, James, and Tracy Sayuki Tiemeier. eds. Interreligious Friendship after Nostra Aetate (Interreligious Studies in Theory and Practice). New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

Hamid, Sandra. “Normalizing Intolerance: Elections, Religion and Everyday Life in Indonesia.” Centre for Indonesian Law, Islam and Society (CILIS) Policy Paper 17 (2018). http://law.unimelb.edu.au/centres/cilis/research/publications/cilis-policy-papers.

Hasan, Khairudin. “Relationship of Professionalism with Religious Moderation in Islamic Religious Education Teachers.” At-Tarbiyat: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 3, no. 2 (2020): 119-130. https://doi.org/10.37758/jat.v3i2.223.

Hasanuddin, Ali, Purwandi, Lilik, Nugroho, Harry, Pragawi, Prastowo, and Halim, Taufiqul. Radicalism Rising Among Educated People? Research Findings on Professionals, College and High Schools Students. Jakarta: Alvara Research Institute, 2018.

Inayatillah. “Moderasi Beragama di Kalangan Milenial Peluang, Tantangan , Kompleksitas dan Tawaran Solusi.” Tazkir: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Dan Keislaman, 07, no. 1 (2021): 123–142, https://doi.org/10.24952/tazkir.v7i1.4235.

Irham, Muhammad A., Ruslan, I., and Syahputra, Muhammad Candra. “The Idea of Religious Moderation in Indonesian New Order and the Reform Era.” Ilmu Usluhudin, 8, no. 1 (2021): 1-22. https://doi.org/10.15408/iu.v8i1.19618.

Jannah, A. N., & Dewi, D. A. “Implementasi Pancasila dalam Kehidupan Sosial Budaya di Masyarakat Abad-21.” Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 5, no. 1 (2020): 931–936. https://jptam.org/index.php/jptam/article/view/1055.

Laksana, Albertus Bagus. “Love of Religion, Love of Nation: Catholic Mission and the Idea of Indonesian Nationalism.” Kritika Kultura 25 (2015): 91-112.

Logli, Chiara. “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika [Unity in Diversity] Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Religion in Indonesian Higher Education.” PhD diss., University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2015.

Loukaidisa, Loizos & Zembylas, Michalinos. “Greek-Cypriot teachers’ perceptions of religious education and its contribution to peace: perspectives of (in) compatibility in a divided society.” Journal of Peace Education, 14, no. 2 (2017): 176-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2016.1269732.

Maarif Institute. Menjaga Benteng Kebhinekaan di Sekolah (Keeping the Fortress of Diversity in Schools). Jakarta: Maarif Institute, 2018.

Madinier, Remy. Islam and Politics in Indonesia: The Masyumi Party between Democracy and Integralism. Translated by Jeremy Desmond. Singapore: NUS Press, 2015.

Magnis-Suseno, Franz. Menjadi Saksi Kristus. Di Tengah Masyarakat Majemuk (Being Christ Witness in a Pluralistic Society). Jakarta: Penerbit Obor, 2004.

Marshall, Paul. “The Ambiguities of Religious Freedom in Indonesia.” The Review of Faith &

International Affairs, 16:1, 2018: 85-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2018.1433588.

Marwa, M., Cahyono, B. Y., Latief, M. A., & Prayogo, J. A. “ICC Assessments and Objectives Grounded from Indonesian English Teachers’ ELT Practices in Higher EFL Education: Are they Visible and Worthy.” Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 5, no. 4 (2018): 92-108. http://www.jallr.com/index.php/JALLR/article/view/866.

Maulana, Dirga. The Exclusivism of Religion Teachers: Intolerance and Radicalism in Indonesian Public Schools. Studia Islamika, 24, no. 2 (2017): 395-401. https://doi.org/10.15408/sdi.v24i2.5707.

Moleong, Lexy J. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, cetakan ke-36, Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya Offset, 2017.

Mojau, J. Merawat Wajah Keindonesiaan Allah, BPK Gunung Mulia, Jakarta, 2019.

Mujiburrahman, “The diaspora Church in Indonesia: Mangunwijaya on nationalism, humanism,

and Catholic praxis.” Journal of Ecumenical Studies, 38, Iss. 4 (2001): 444-

Nadjib, E. A. 2018. Maiyah Event: Transformative Learning Science Lightening Yourself.

Nirwana, N., & Darmadali, W. S. “Instilling Religious Moderation Value in ELT through Cross-Cultural Understanding Course.” Elsya: Journal of English Language Studies, 3, no. 2 (2021): 117-125. https://doi.org/10.31849/elsya.v3i2.6780

Nur Ali, Benny Afwadzi, Irwan Abdullah & Muhammad Islahul Mukmin. “Interreligious Literacy Learning as a Counter-Radicalization Method: A New Trend among Institutions of Islamic Higher Education in Indonesia.” Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations, 32, no. 4 (2021): 383-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2021.1996978.

Pope Francis. “Encyclical Letter Fratelli Tutti on Fraternity and Social Friendship” (2020) from http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20201003_enciclica-fratelli-tutti.html. Downloaded August 11, 2024.

Raihani. Creating Multicultural Citizens: A Portrayal of Contemporary Indonesian Education. New York: Routledge, 2014.

Religious Moderation. HIDUP Magazine. December 26, 2021.

Saifuddin. “Radikalisme Islam di Kalangan Mahasiswa (Sebuah Metamorfosa Baru).” Analisis, XI, no. 1 (2021): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ajsk.v11i1.605.

Sakai, Minako and M. Falikul Isbah. “Limits to Religious Diversity Practice

in Indonesia: Case Studies from Religious Philanthropic Institutions and Traditional Islamic Schools.” Asian Journal of Social Science, 42, no. 6 (2014): 722-746. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43495835.

Sugiyono, P. D. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, R&D. Bandung: CV Alfabeta, 2019.

Suryowati, Estu. Origins of the Ministry of Education and Culture's Research and Findings of Intolerance in Schools. May 2017. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2017/05/03/14380761/asal.muasal.penelitian.kemendikbud.dan.temuan.sikap.intoleransi.di.sekolah.

Sutrisno, E. “Aktualisasi Moderasi Beragama di Lembaga Pendidikan” (Actualization of Religious Moderation in Eduational Institution). Jurnal Bimas Islam, 12, no. 2 (2019): 323–348. https://doi.org/10.37302/jbi.v12i2.113.

Trisliatanto, Dimas Agung. Metodologi penelitian: panduan lengkap penelitian dengan mudah (Research Methodology: A Complete Guidance for Research). Yogyakarta: Andi, 2020.

Vatican Council II. (1965) Declaration on the relations of the Church to Non-Christian religions:

Nostra aetate. Retrieved from http://www.vatican.va /archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_

council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651028_nostra-aetate_en.html. Downloaded August 11, 2024.

Viktorahadi, R.F. Bhanu. “The Meaning of Religious Moderation According to Franz Magnis-Suseno: A Phenomenological Approach.” Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas, 2, no. 2 (2022): 177–186. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jis.v2i2.17912.

van Es, Margaretha A., ter Laan, Nina & Meinema, Erik. “Beyond ‘radical’ versus ‘moderate’? New perspectives on the politics of moderation in Muslim majority and Muslim minority settings.” Religion, 51, no. 2 (2021): 161-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2021.1865616.

Widyaningsih, Rindha, Sumiyem dan Kuntarto. “Kerentanan Radikalisme Agama di Kalangan Pemuda.” Prosidding Seminar Nasional dan Call for Papers, 18 November, 2017.

Yaakub, M. B., Othman, K., & Nik Nazi, N., N. “Islamic Moderation (wasatiyah) Manifestation of Practices: An Elaboration of Its Degree of Effectiveness”. Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews, 7, no. 1 (2019): 171-179.

Yewangoe, A.A., Tidak Ada Penumpang Gelap: Warga Gereja, Warga Bangsa, Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 2009.

Yusuf, Muhammad and Carl Sterkens. “Analyzing the State’s Laws on Religious Education in Post-New Order Indonesia.” Al-Jāmi‘ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 53, no. 1 (2015): 105-130. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2015.531.105-130.

Zamimah. “Moderatisme Islam Dalam Konteks Keindonesiaan.” Al-Fanar: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 1, no. 1 (2018): 75-90. https://doi.org/10.33511/alfanar.v1n1.75-90.

Zuhdi, Muhammad and Sarwenda. “Recurring Issues in Indonesia’s Islamic Education: The

Needs for Religious Literacy.” Analisa Journal of Social Science and Religion, 5, no. 1 (2020): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v5i1.1038.


Full Text: PDF

Article Metrics

Abstract View : 1507 times
PDF Download : 798 times

DOI: 10.47135/mahabbah.v4i2.85

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.